Coenzyme Q-10 (CO Q10) is a chemical found naturally in the human body. Small amounts of it are obtained from eating meat and seafood, but the majority is created directly by the body. Although nearly all body cells make it, coenzyme Q-10 concentrates in the muscles and in the heart, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. Approximate 50 percent of the body’s stores of coenzyme Q-10 are found in the mitochondria of the cells. Mitochondria are components of cells that transform dietary carbohydrates into energy. While coenzyme Q-10 is involved in strengthening body membranes, its main function is to carry electrons that are needed in the energy generation process.

For individuals suffering from congestive heart failure, irregular heartbeat, or angina, Coenzyme Q10 may ease symptoms and improve cardiac function. Some doctors also recommend it after heart surgery to speed recovery with a minimum of permanent damage. Some health practitioners contend that Coenzyme Q10 can stave off hardening of the arteries by discouraging the build-up of plaque on artery walls. Others suggest that it can boost the immune system, helping to prevent the spread of cancer. It has also been recommended for a host of additional disorders ranging from high blood pressure, diabetes, allergies, and fatigue to Alzheimer's disease, Bell's palsy, Huntington's disease, Ménière's disease, muscular dystrophy, and deterioration of the retina.

CoQ10 is a also powerful antioxidant that protects the body from free radicals and helps preserve vitamin E, the major antioxidant of cell membranes and blood cholesterol. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation has been investigated as a way to improve physical endurance because of its effect on energy production; however, most research shows that CoQ10 does not improve athletic performance.

Dosage and Administration

Coenzyme Q10 is available in capsule, tablet, softgel (gel cap), and chewable form. To improve its absorption, it can be taken with some type of oil (olive oil is recommended) or fat (peanut butter, for example). It is also best to take your dosage with meals.

Dosage recommendations range from 30 milligrams to 400 milligrams daily, generally increasing with the severity of the problem. Large daily doses are typically divided into 2 or 3 smaller doses (for example, one 60 milligram tablet taken 2 times a day instead of a single 120 milligram tablet taken once). If you are taking the enzyme for a heart condition, it may be 2 to 8 weeks before you notice any benefit, and you will need to continue taking the product to maintain any improvement.