Pectin is a soluble fiber that is found in most plants, but is most concentrated in citrus fruits and apples. Pectin is obtained from the citrus peels of fruits and apple pulp. Pectin obtained from citrus peels is referred to as citrus pectin. For medicinal use, pectin is used in combination with the clay kaolin (hydrated aluminum silicate) for the management of diarrhea. Pectin is also marketed as a nutritional supplement for the management of elevated cholesterol.

D-Galacturonic acid is the principal monosaccharide compoud that composes pectin. Some neutral sugars are also present in the substance. The D-galacturonic acid residues are linked together by alpha-1, 4 glycosidic linkages. There are different types of pectin. Pectin in which more than 50% of the galacturonic acid residues are esterified is called high methoxyl or HM pectin. Pectin in which less than 50% of the galacturonic acid residues are esterified is called low methoxy or LM pectin. Pectin is a nondigestible polysaccharide. So-called modified citrus pectin is pectin that has been hydrolyzed and otherwise modified to make it more digestible and absorbable.

Medical Indications

Pectin appears to produce hypocholesterolemic actions and may be antiatherogenic to some individuals. It is used in some multi-ingredient preparations for the treatment of constipation and diarrhea. Claims that it is an effective antiobesity agent are unsubstantiated. There are studies suggesting that pectin might have some anticancer effects.

Dosage and Administration

There are no typical doses of pectin supplements. Doses of 10 to 15 grams daily have been used in studies showing cholesterol-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic individuals. Pectin supplements should be used with plenty of fluid.